Major economies across the world face severe shortfalls in lithium supplies that threaten to derail electric vehicle ambitions, according to new research.
Scientists from East China Normal University in Shanghai and Sweden's Lund University have identified a "looming crisis" that could result in "delays in meeting critical climate and energy goals".
The study reveals that even if domestic lithium extraction increases tenfold in certain regions by 2030, Europe, the United States and China will still be unable to produce sufficient quantities to satisfy battery requirements.
These three regions currently account for 80 per cent of electric vehicle sales around the world.
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New research has warned that lithium supplies may not meet the demand for EVs
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The research indicates that Europe faces the most acute challenge, requiring approximately 792,000 metric tons of lithium carbonate equivalent by 2030.
However, analysis of current and planned mining operations suggests European production capacity will reach only 325,000 metric tonnes by that date.
This represents a shortfall of more than half the continent's projected needs, even with ambitious expansion of extraction facilities.
The element, primarily obtained through mining operations, forms an essential component in electric vehicle battery technology.
Demand continues to accelerate as battery electric vehicles captured 20.9 per cent of new car sales in the first five months of this year, rising from 16.1 per cent in the previous year.
The researchers cautioned that under "most scenarios" examined, domestic lithium supplies across these major markets "cannot meet demand", necessitating increased international trade to address the deficit.
Study author Qifan Xia from East China Normal University stated: "Lithium today is as important as gasoline in the industrial revolution.
"While lithium reserves are substantial around the world, they are distributed unevenly across different countries."
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The scientists proposed several strategies to address the shortage, including prioritising public transport development over personal electric vehicles.
It also suggested advancing battery technologies that require reduced quantities of lithium or alternative materials entirely.
Britain currently relies entirely on imports from nations, including China and the US, for its lithium supplies, though multiple firms are advancing extraction proposals in Cornwall and England's North East.
Portugal remains the sole European Union nation actively mining and processing the mineral.
Experts have expressed serious concerns about the availability of lithium
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Ben Nelmes, from green consultancy New AutoMotive, emphasised: "Lithium will be a key part of the economy, from mining and refining through to cell manufacturing and recycling."
He urged European policymakers to "send positive signals to investors by maintaining ambitious targets for electric cars and a supportive environment for mining projects."
His organisation's analysis suggests battery production and associated supply chains could generate up to 250,000 European jobs within five years.
The expert added: "Europe needs ambitious policies that encourage carmakers to boost their electric car production, so that Europe can take its place in the global economy as a significant producer of the technologies that will deliver clean, cheap, modern transport."
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