The proportion of people in Northern Ireland who speak the Irish language may only be in low single figures, but the question of how bi-lingual the province should be remains a potent political question.
A dispute over legislation to use more Gaelic in Ulster has threatened to derail attempts to get the devolved Assembly in Stormont back up and running.
"On one side you've got Sinn Fein who clearly want to see the Irish language protected, encouraged, that it is recognised in Northern Ireland," said GB News Political Correspondent Darren McCaffrey, while the DUP "largely fears it to a degree, and see it as a sign of a united Ireland."
He added: "That has led to the assembly collapsing in the past, because Sinn Fein have insisted this needs to be done, and the DUP have just not been willing to do it. Even though, it must be said, they have committed to it in the past."
Darren McCaffrey speaking on GB News
GB News
The Northern Ireland Secretary Brandon Lewis has now agreed to introduce and Irish Language Act by the end of September should Stormont fails to do so.
Addressing the media outside Stormont House close to 1am, Mr Lewis said both parties had agreed to reconstitute the Executive by nominating to the positions of first and deputy first ministers later on Thursday.
The DUP and Sinn Fein have both confirmed they will nominate to the roles and the Assembly authorities are working to schedule a special sitting of the legislature.
If the nominations proceed on Thursday, the Executive will be able to hold a scheduled meeting later in the day to decide the latest pandemic relaxations for Northern Ireland.
Mr Lewis said it remained his preference for the language laws to be brought forward through the Assembly by the Executive, as originally envisaged in the 2020 New Decade New Approach (NDNA) deal that restored power-sharing.
“I am disappointed that it has not yet brought this legislation forward in the Assembly,” he said.
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“However, following my intensive negotiations with the parties over the last few days, I can confirm that if the Executive has not progressed legislation by the end of September, the UK Government will take the legislation through Parliament in Westminster. If that becomes necessary, we will introduce legislation in October 2021.”
He added: “I now expect the DUP and Sinn Fein to nominate a first and deputy first minister in the Assembly at the earliest opportunity today.
“They have confirmed to me that they will do this, reflecting their enduring commitments to all aspects of the NDNA agreement.
“This will allow the Executive to return its focus to delivering on the issues that really matter to the people of Northern Ireland, issues such as health care, housing, education and jobs.”
A stand-off between the Executive’s two main parties over the thorny language issue had been threatening the future of the fragile institutions in Belfast.
The issue came to a head this week as a result of the process required to reconstitute the Executive following the resignation of ousted DUP leader Arlene Foster as First Minister.
The joint nature of the office Mrs Foster shared with deputy First Minister Michelle O’Neill meant that her departure automatically triggered the removal of Ms O’Neill from her position – as one cannot hold post without the other.
In order to form a functioning executive, and avert a snap Assembly election, both roles have to be filled by a deadline of this coming Monday at 1pm.
While the DUP has been poised to nominate Lagan Valley MLA Paul Givan as First Minister, Sinn Fein had made clear it would not renominate Ms O’Neill until it received assurances from the DUP that it would press ahead with the long-delayed Irish language laws.
The legislation, which includes the creation of Irish and Ulster Scots commissioners and the establishment of an Office for Identity and Cultural Expression, is an unfulfilled commitment within the 2020 NDNA deal.
While new DUP leader Edwin Poots, who succeeded Mrs Foster, had vowed to implement all outstanding aspects of NDNA, he has declined to give Sinn Fein a specific assurance that he will move on the language laws in the current Assembly mandate, a key demand of the republican party.
Amid the dispute, earlier this week Sinn Fein asked the UK Government to step in and move the legislation at Westminster instead. The DUP had warned Mr Lewis against such a step, characterising it as an overreach into devolution.
However, in the early hours of Thursday the Secretary of State announced that the Government would table the language legislation at Westminster in October if Stormont had failed to do so by the end of September.
Welcoming the move, Mrs McDonald said Mr Lewis’s intervention was the “only viable way” to break the deadlock. She confirmed the party would renominate Ms O’Neill later on Thursday.
“This matter of language rights has been a long running saga,” she told a post-1am press conference on the Stormont estate.
“For a very long time, the DUP has sought to frustrate these rights.
“That is most unfortunate, it’s also unacceptable. And tonight we have broken through that logjam of DUP obstructionism.
“This isn’t just significant for Irish speakers, this is significant for all of society, because of course power-sharing is based fundamentally on inclusion, on recognition and on respect.
“We are also happy to say on the back of the agreement struck now with the British government that we will nominate Michelle O’Neill to return to post as deputy First Minister, and we will work very hard, we will resume our work on the five party Executive.”
Mr Poots and Mr Givan left Stormont House earlier on Wednesday evening and did not make comment to the media as they exited.
On Thursday morning, Mr Poots confirmed he would nominate his Lagan Valley constituency colleague as First Minister.
In a letter to DUP MPs and MLAs, Mr Poots wrote: “We have never been in the business of playing fast and loose with devolution. Our waiting lists, economic recovery and schools are too important for party political games.
“Sinn Fein set a deadline of 24 June for cultural legislation to be on the floor of the NI Assembly. That has not happened. Their decision to set ultimatums and deadlines was unnecessary. The DUP is not in the business of pre-conditions. Our mandate must be respected.
“The DUP negotiated NDNA and it should be implemented, in all its parts. It was a careful balance of agreements on a range of issues including culture.
“Importantly though, the place for such legislation is the NI Assembly. That has been our consistent position throughout and remains so.
“Paul Givan will be nominated for the position of First Minister at the earliest opportunity. It is regretful that there was ever such instability created by Sinn Fein.
“We must now focus on advancing those issues from NDNA which matter to everyone whether that be our waiting lists, educational underachievement, the implementation of the Military Covenant, additional PSNI officers as well as the key elements of the cultural legislation which strengthen the unionist place here.”
